what is computer??

INTRODUCTION

Computers are tools used to process the data according to the procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe the work people do arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of this word and then transferred to the machine it self. Their origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
In such a definition is a tool like a slide rule, mechanical calculator types ranging from abacus, and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. Better terms suitable for a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information-processing system."
To realize the conception of computers as a data processor to generate some information, then the required computer system (computer system) which consists of hardware elements, software and brain ware. The third element of the computer system should be interconnected and form a unity. Hardware will not work if without the software, and vice versa. And both are no beneficial if there is no human (brain ware) that operate and control it.
Computer consists of 2 major parts: hardware and software.
Hardware:
Processor, CPU (Central Processing unit).
RAM memory, which store data temporarily.
Hard drives, semi-permanent storage medium.
Input devices, the media used to enter data to be processed by the CPU, such as mice, keyboards, and tablets.
Output device, the media used to display the CPU processing the output results, such as monitors and printers.
Software:
Operating system: basic program on a computer that connects users with computer hardware, such as Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. Operating system tasks, including (but not only).
Computer programs: additional applications are installed in accordance with its operating system and is used to solve the problem user.
COMPUTER FUNCTIONS

All computers must be able to gather, process, store, disseminate, and display data. Gather Data All computers, no matter what their size, must gather data before they can process the data. The operational program will dictate how the data is gathered— manually, automatically, or a combination of both. Manually, an operator or technician will input the data to the computer. This can be done either directly or by a device external to the computer. The following are commonly used input devices:
Keyboards Display consoles Data terminals Computer maintenance panels Storage devices (magnetic tape units, disk drive units, and paper tape units) As an example, an operator at a console will input data via the console to the computer and the computer will process the data for storage, dissemination, or display depending on the functions of the operational program. Data may be input from a console using pushbuttons, switches, toggles, or a combination of these. Automatically gathering data means the computer receives data from another system, sub system, or equipment. The computer monitors for external requests through a series of programmed requests and acknowledges. The computer first sees the gathered data when it comes through the input section of the input/output section of the computer. Then depending on the operational program, the computer will either react immediately or store the data for future use. The following are examples of the sources from which computers gather the data automatically: Systems such as the fire control system Sub systems such as the combat direction system Data processing systems (another computer and conversion devices) Display systems via sensors (radar) Communication systems such as data links and local-area networks (LANs) Many computer systems are designed to gather data using a combination of both the manual and automatic methods.
Process Data Processing data is the main function and the purpose of the computer. There are other systems, subsystems, and equipment that will work with the computer to help gather, store, disseminate, and display data; but processing the data is exclusively the computer’s function. The heart of the computer—the place where the data is processed in a computer-is called the central processing unit (CPU).
Store data the computer can store data either internally an externally.
EVERYDAYS USES OF COMPUTER

Benefits of computers in daily life very much and very helpful, easier, accelerate human tasks among others:

1. Education
With the computer it easier for school administrators to create a teaching curriculum, school schedules, make a list of student names, make a list of student values, making students absent, making the calculation of salaries and teaching plan for school teachers. Education Information access via the Internet. As the development of the Internet era has penetrated schools district level, so that the easier access information obtained for the advancement of education of each school.

2. Health Sector
Doctors and nurses make it easier to monitor patient health monitor a patient's heartbeat through a computer monitor, blood flow, checking the organ in patients with X-rays For example during the late treatment of former President Soeharto at Pertamina Hospital Jakarta, in 2008. With modern technology can monitor, even replace the organ function such as heart, lungs and kidneys. It is a medical technology combined with information technology and computer.

3. Field Transportation
With computers and all schedules for the transit flight line can at the airport and scheduled programs with the computer. To fly his own plane equipped with computer equipment. Even after reaching a certain altitude in the plane can fly with the autopilot automatically programmed in the computer.

4. Field Service Shipping and Returns
Post Office could deliver freight documents and accurate. With faster computers and the internet people no longer wait for days to accept the letter, just email it faster in an instant, so the world becomes increasingly narrow in the sense that can be accessed so quickly.

5. Automotive Industry
The cars made from the frame body, machinery, electronic equipment in the factory with the help of a robot that is controlled by a computer with accurate Leigh. Computer-assisted automotive manufacturers could produce cars by the hundreds per month, which can not be done manually by human power.

6. Field Construction Services
With the computer engineer and architect to design the construction drawings and calculations by modeling an accurate, fast and precise. Construction drawings are designed using CAD programs, while for the calculation and analysis of the power analyzer using SAP2000 program or STAD III operated with computer assistance.

7. Field Service Printing
Printing of newspapers, magazines, books, all done by machines operated by computers so that in a short time to print a book or magazine or newspaper in the number of hundreds or even millions of Exemplar, can save time and costs, if done manually by humans, need how many thousands of people to type in the newspaper and need how long to complete, the news becomes stale trigger and not up-to-date again.

8. Film Industry Field
All of these effects in the world of acting, animation, and film shooting all the records with an electronic device connected to the computer. Animation was also developed to use animation created with computer applications. For example, Hollywood movies were actually entitled TITANIC additional animation to depict a giant ship breaking and sinking, which seems to be as if it is similar to real events.

9. Industrial Field recordings
That to produce a good sound recorder and the necessary arrangements with the sound modification computer media, as well as track print-on help with song computer system. To print the album into a VCD or DVD to help the computer to process burning a CD so that it can record sound with a very high quality.

10. Field of Defense and Security
Developed countries like the United States are equipped with satellite equipment that is controlled from Earth, to monitor and map the Earth's surface conditions, the World War II and the last time with Iraq, the U.S. uses Intelligent Network is equipped with computer technology and modern information that can beat opponents.

11. Sports Field
Soccer world cup is displayed by the satellite is in connecting with the receiver on Earth and then transmitted to the satellite TV broadcasting in the hemisphere, so that global sporting event that can be enjoyed by everyone.

12. Factory Shoes
The process of making shoe soles in a variety of sizes and detailed shapes and the way done with the computer system. First of all models done for the CADCAM program design soles of various sizes and in print and on the Mall made the mold for the next process with the addition of materials from leather and then sewn together and given a sticker or logo that is done by computer.

13. Business and Government
All types of organizations use computers extensively to manage the communications, finance and projects. Here are some examples of how computers are used in business and government.
• Documents
• Financial
• Database
• Meeting Schedule
• Project Management

14. Recreation
People use computers for entertainment or for work. They can use computers to simulate the game for players who may be the same in the room anywhere in the world
COMPUTER AND HEALTH

Computers have become part of our lives, and many people who spend long hours in front of the computer. You make repeated movements of the same body position, the parts of your body becomes tired. Incorrect position can accelerate the fatigue and even lead to chronic problems. The following tips are effective in reducing fatigue, but not suitable for everyone.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the applied science of equipment design to reduce fatigue and inconvenience for the operator, computers are often placed on the study with little regard for the comfort factor, or operator fatigue. Whether you work with computers or manage people who work with computers, you need to know basic things about the ergonomic design.
Practice - Practice of Health
To maximize comfort and reduce stress on your body while working with computers, you need to create the position of the vertical and horizontal parallel between your body and your computer will also need to place the right lighting so that your eyes are not tired.


UNIVERSAL ACCESS
Computers are an integral part of life and it is important to learn how to use it in order to participate fully in society today. However, not all people have equal opportunity to get to know computers well.
Digital division
Digital division is a term that describes the grouping of people in both groups of those who have the technology and capabilities
to use it and those who do not. Therefore the use of computers is usually associated with the use of the Internet, the study of computer access also discussed accessbility to the Internet.


1. United States
U.S. Trade Department published a report in February 2002 that described the use of the Internet in America. The report describes the use of the Internet and divide it into demographic factors such as income, employment status, age, sex, education or the outskirts of town location basis (see Figure 2.4.1.). In the summary, the report provides some important facts that describe the digital distribution and how to change in the U.S..
• Forty percent of citizens use the Internet, and 60% use a computer.
• Ninety percent of children between 5 and 17 years using a computer.
• The computers in schools substantially narrow the gap between the level of computer usage for children from families with a low opinion high opinion.
• Use of the Internet among blacks and Hispanics grew from 10 to 13% faster than among white men and asia.
• The highest rise among the various types of users among households, by 29%, is among single mothers.
• Eighty percent of Americans who use the Internet, access the Internet through dial-up service.
Advanced Countries
A report from the organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a group with 30 member countries mostly from Europe and Asia, providing the following information:
• Internet host penetration rate for the U.S. is seven times greater than in the European Union, and eight times greater than in Japan.
• In March 2000, the United States increased the number of secure servers three times what was on the OECD member countries, if combined.
• The countries of interest costs on the basis of minutes of internet access, penetration rates are much lower than the fixed charge for unlimited access.
• In the U.S. and a small number of other countries with a structure better prices for Internet access, Internet use is much higher than OECD countries other, as in the average time spent online.
Developing Countries
Three main factors responsible for the low access to computers and the use of computers in poor countries and developing countries are:
• Lack of a stable electricity supply
• Limited access to telephone service
• Lack of public

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
After we study various aspects of life computer we can deduce not only the computer use among students or students only, but even housewives children 5 years old have started to learn computers. Uses computers increased more years, either alone komputerisasinya only utilize or have access to connect to the internet. Besides the computer also has procedures for the correct position when using a computer, so users do not quickly feel tired even if it means long hours dealing with computers.
Health in the use of computers should also be more in the note because many effects caused by the computer include the eyes, neck, back and legs. And all that we've discussed this in chapter 2.
Advice
Based on the material discussed in this paper, the reader suggestions for the perfect start to recognize the components of a computer and learn all kinds of software are available in it, so that later we can develop into a very useful information to those receiving the information itself. Thus we begin to learn the computer from now to later in life to come we are not left behind by the name of technology.
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